Vibrator



Sept. 3, 1935. H. M. DREssEl.

VIBRATOR Original Filed March 3, 1954 2` Sheets-Sheet 1 RE SSEL LIMINvEN'rc-m RY M. D

FIG'. 3.

Sept. 3, 1935. i H. M DRESSEL 2,013,513

/ VIBRATOR lOriginal Filed March 3, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INvzNrolzHENRY M.Dn.sam..

Bf WLM/L Patented Sept.` 3, 1935 VIBRATOR Henry M. Dressel, Chicago,Ill., assignor to Oak Manufacturing Company, Chicago, lll., acorporation of Illinois Reille ol' abandoned application Serial No.

713,827, March 3, 1934. This application March 14, 1935, Serial No.11,180

13 Claims. (Cl. 175-365) This invention relates to electrical apparatuspair of stationary contacts above the lava assemand particularly tocurrent interrupters or vibrators. In the installation ,of radioreceivers in automobiles, aeroplanes and the like it is desirbly and forthis purpose have suitably threaded apertures 25 and 26 into whichhollow bolts 21 and 28 are threaded. The inside ends of these able thatall circuits in the receiver be energized bolts carry contacts 29 and 30made oi' suitable 5 from a single source of energy. such as a storagematerial such as tungsten. Lock nuts 3I are battery. In order to obtainhigh potential direct provided fOr each h'OliOW boit t0 further retaincurrent for `the plate circuits of the vacuum the Contacts in Xedadjustment. tubes of the receiver. it is customary to inter- SupportedWithin the Curved POliiiODS 3. 5 und rupt the current supplied by astorage battery 5 0f mein Supports l and 2 are a Pair of 890018 l0 to atransformer and then step up these voltages 35 and 35. each 0f SeidSPOOIS having B lle-i1' 0f to a suiilciently high potential for use inthe rewindings 31, 33 and 39. 50- In Order t0 meinceiver. Rectiiicationand ltration are relied tain SDOOlS 35 and 35 rigidly iu DOStiOd Diuuponto smooth out the high potential currents. rality `0f strips 42 Of micaare disposed above Great dilculty has been experienced in devis- POiePieces 5. These mieasStriDS hve iuermeig ing an interrupter which wouldbe simple, comdiste Portions 43 between theODDOSiDE Sides 0f pact, cheapand reliable. An object oi this inspools 35 and 35 widened out s0 ss t0bei mi? vention is to devise an interrupter 'which will the Walls 0f thespools- A Psir'of lugs 5 mi 5 have the above advantages and which, inaddiare .bolted by screws 45 sufi n '0 tile ends 0i tion thereto, willnot generate an undue amount Poiiioiis 5- Tliese mits retain mi? micastrips in 20 of noise. An additional object is to devise such Poistionand miske s rigid assembly foi' the W0 an interrupter which will vhavedesirable meco chanical characteristics while at the same time TheVibrating Structure minis ii' reed n be capable of maintaining itselectrical perrerm preferably of spring steel, carrying an amature anceemientiy l 5I at one free end thereof. It will be noted that 25Referring to drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional armature 5I 1s composedof two small blocks i2 elevation of a vibrator embodying this inventionaiid 53' symmetrically dlSDOSed about the end 0l on line of Figure 3reed 50 and riveted at 54. Reed 5l extends down- Figure 2 isa sectionalView on 3 2 er Figure 1 l wardly and has its bottom end rigidly clampedFigure 3 is a side elevatien er the buzzen between metallic plates I3and Il. In order that 3 Figure 4 shows a circuit diagram of the buzzerthe .loyer portion of reed u may bolt I.' and transformersemlcirculaii'slut-outtsoill talllid l2 are unirovidedbly Ashortd anceave keinsula. assem pogitgigrle 5 isa side View 0f the reed in deectedretaining the reed in place is a movable contact Figures 5A and 5B arefront and side views reassembly' This comprises 9' o! m 35 spectively ofthe same reed in normal position. blocks 55 and s disposed on each idgdis Figures 6 to 9 inclusive, together with the esso- 5- On .the outsideof each im there i E ciated Figures A and B are modifications of reeds.posed a* light spring s' and s. each ma a The vibrator in generalcomprises two mam the free end thereof a movable contact; il andSupporting members, I and 2, both preferably o! 6 Thse contacts are 8:fo'ign 40 magnetic material. Supporting members I and erste withstatiohnmi contasam u and' 2 have bent portion 3 terminating in vasupportthe outside of ng t :11185 l maid ins portion 4. At the top o!each supporting 1y ing them are a p 1 Ti ted met Y portion l the metalis cut away to form a nar- 62' the entire assembly l mg vena miam rowpole piece 5. The bottom of members I by rivets s" Members s and ve sis: 45 and 2 are separated by a pair of lava blocks I0 apertures uthrough which movable mmf and II. On each side oi' blocks I0 and II areand so may project' The free ends t s and metallic spacer members n uand 5. Insu 62 are bent inwardly at 65 tol provide a narrow latingsleeves I1 are adapted to pass interiorly gap si' and are then miredoutwardly t u' of said lava blocks and metallic members through Theentire structure may be supported l ex* suitable apertures therein.Bolts la nt snugly tendine metallic Piste 4 beiwths mhh mi* withinsleeve I1 and each head I9 and nut 20 Providing a mounting Prtiii ilThis Wu@ are insulated from the two members I and 2 by is suitablyspei'tilfed slid has s Pair 0f means of insulating washers 2l and 22.grommets 1I disposed in the uelhu'e 12- A Members l and 2 are adapted tosupport s supporting member 1i has its aperarred end 10 .Il

disposed against the outside of said grommets and the entire assemblyriveted at 11. Supporting member 15 may be bolted at 80 to any suitablesupport such as a base similar to that provided for vacuum tubes.

Referring to Figure 4, a wiring description of the buzzer will be given.

Reed 58 carrying movable contacts 59 and 60 is connected to one terminalA of a battery. Connected to reed 5|) are a pair of wires 82 and 83leading to voltage coils 38 and 40 on spools 35 and 36. The other end ofcoil 38 is connected to a wire which runs to stationary contact 29. Theother end of coil 48 is connected to wire v86 running to otherstationary contact 3|). Wires 85 and 86 lead to coils 39 and 31respectively and thence terminate in leads 81 and 88 for connection toprimary 89 of a transformer'Sil. The center of primary 89 is connectedthrough a switch\9| to point B of the battery.

As indicated in Figure 4, current coils 31 and 39 have relatively fewturns of coarse wire in comparison to coils 38 and 46. This is becausecoils 31 and 39 each carry ,a current going through one-half of primary89 while coils 38 and 40 need not carry very much current.

The operation of the vibrator is as follows. In position of rest, asshown in Figure 1, contacts 36 and 60 are closed. Assuming that switch9| is closed, current will ow from terminal A through reed 5D, contacts60and 30, wire 86, through coil 31, wire 88, right hand half of primary89, switch 9|, to terminal B. Atthe same time, current will flow fromreed 50, wire 82, through voltage coil 36, wire 85, current coil 39,wire 81 and the left hand half of primary 89, back through tov thebattery. Inasmuch as the resistance of voltage coil 38 is much greaterthan current coil 31, the current through the left hand half of primary89 will be negligible in comparison to that in the right hand half ofprimary 89. -However, both coils 31i'and 38 co-operate to attractarmature 5| and pull it to separate contacts' 6|)l and 30. Thereuponcontacts 23 and 59 close, with the -result that coil 38 is shorted outand the circuit for coil 31 is opened. Upon the closure of contacts 29and 59, coils 39 and lpare both energized. Hence, the alternating energyof both sets of coils maintains the reed in continuous vibration andresults in the battery current flowing through alternate halves ofprimary transformer 89.

In the event that the movable contact tends to freeze to one of thestationary contacts, it is evident that the tendency for the armature tobe pulled away from the frozen position will be correspondingly greater.The lower thecontact resistance, the greater the current through eitherof current coils 31 or 39 and hence the greater the pull on the armatureto free the contacts.

Referring to Figure 5, the vibrating element illustrated in thepreceding figures is shown in detail. In Figure 5, the reed is shownfully deected so that contacts 30 and 60 are tightly pressed together.For convenience in analysis of the deflection of reed 50, some verticalaxes have been drawn. The X axis is a normal center line on which reed50 lies when at rest. However, when the reed vibrates it tends to changecurvature at several different regions. In the first part of its journeyfrom the X axis the reed tends to bend from blocks 55 and 56 as aifulcrum. Upon striking the bend in portion 65 of heavy spring member 62there is a tendency for the reed to bend around point 86 as a fulcrumand also to bend the' entire vibratory structure at region ,95.

Movable contact 6D, which is carried by a spring member 58, has anoutward bias so that when the entire vibratory structure is in theposition shown in Figure 5, spring 58 presses contact 68 againststationary contact 30.

Of course it is to be understood that the unsymmetrical location of themovable contacts with respect to the fixed contacts has a tendency toshift the neutral or central axis from the geometrical center of thedevice. However, this only affects the magnitudes of the forces in eachposition of the reed.

Due to the action of the reed, there is a great tendency for vibrationsalong reed 58 downwardly to be out of phase with vibrations travellingalong contact bearing springs 51 and 58 downwardly and someneutralization is effected at region of the reed. This results in amarked decrease of noise transmitted by the device itself.

A certain amount of sliding motion exists between reed 58 and heavyspring member 62 at point 96 and while this sliding is slight,nevertheless it is sufficientto dissipate a substantial amount ofenergy. The friction between the two surfaces at this point functions asa damping medium.

The Y vertical axis shows the deflection at region 95 of reed 50, whilethe Z axis shows deflectionr between blocks 55 and 56 and region 96 ofthe reed.

The actual angles shown aie greatly magnied. Actually, the Y axis isvery close to the X axis as pointed out above.

It will be noted that in the operation of the structure shown in Figure5, reed 50 is permitted to travel freely past the center axis X, havinggathered considerable momentum from the release of energy of the springsystem on one side thereof. As the reed goes past dead center to thisopposite extreme position, it begins to store a considerable quantity ofpotential energy in the various springs, as well as dissipate somerenergy at the-junction of the various springs.

The net result is that when the contacts strike, the impact issubstantially constant, irrespective of the speed of travel of reed 59within wide limits. This is because the absorption of energy in thespring system is directly related to the speed of travel of the reed. YInFigure 6, spring members |6| and |62 are substantially lighter than 6|and 62 and more nearly approximate the spring qualities of reed |50. Inthis case, there is a greater deflection at region |95 of the reed butvery little at point |96. The deflection of spring members I 6| and |62from their normal position is much greater, resulting in aysubstantially greater .amount of relative motion between the two atpoint |96. The ldamping at this region serves to absorb a certain amountof energy and maintains a substantially constant impact betweencontacts. In both-Figures 5 and 6, the reed when pulling away from oneposition toward the opposite position tends' to gather considerablemomentum before the closed contacts are opened. This results .in anextremely sharp break.

In Figure 1, the side spring members 26| and 262 carry the movablecontacts 258 and 269. In this case, a certain amount of deection aroundpoint 296 of. the reed takes place because of the vertical .faitfeningof spring 262, due to the pressing action at the contact points. Springmembers 26| and 262 are thus effectively shortened and stiifened uponclosure of the contacts. This lio,

stiening action, together with the `wiping action at reed 295, functionsto-relieve the contacts from any abnormal impact and-thus maintain thecontact impact at a vsubstantially constant value.

In Figure 8, reed 350 is much stiffer and comparable to stii springmembers 36| and 362. Practically all the deflection occurs from region395. Upon establishment of contact, spring 351 or 358, as the case maybe, yields and permits the vibrating structure to travel to its terminalposition.

In Figure' 9, reed 450 has two heavy springs 48B and 48| extendingupwardly on opposite sides thereof for a substantial portion of itslength. Part of the deflectionA of the structure occurs at region 495while the rest of the deflection occurs beyond the ends of springs 480and 48|. Lighter springs 451 and 458 function to transmit asubstantially'constant amount of energy to the contacts.

In the various modifications, a diierent reed action is obtained.However, it will be noted that in Figures 5, 6, 7, and 9 a plurality offulcrum points exists, about which portions of the reed may deflect.Furthermore, in Figures 5, 6, 8, and 9, a spring system distinct fromthe vibratory system and in opposition thereto for a part of the timeserves to impart a substantially constant amount of energy to thecontacts in spite of wide variations of energy in the reed systemitself. In these gures a positive break is provided for the contacts,this break being made at the time when the reed is going through itscentral position and has a maximum of kinetic energy.

The proportion of energies in the voltage and current coils may beadjusted to any desired degree. Both sets of coils aid each other sothat the total energy in the magnetic field may be constant irrespectiveof the relative magnetizing values of the voltage and current coils.

The proportion of energies in the voltage and current coils may beadjustedto any desired degree. Both sets of coils aid each other so thatthe total energy in the magnetic field may be constant irrespective ofthe relative magnetizing values of the voltage and current coils.

Furthermore, because of the electrical symmetry of the system, it isclear that the makes and breaks of the contacts may be readily adjustedto occur at zero potential. It is true that the physical eccentriclty ofthe reed may cause a departure from the relationship but in practice itis so slight as to be negligible.

This application is a reiile of my abandoned agplication Serial Number713,827, led March 3. 1 34.

What I claim is: y

1. An interrupter comprising a frame of magnetic material, said framehaving a pair of pole pieces at one end thereof, at least one coil formagnetizing said frame, a reed rigidly mounted at one end thereof at theopposite end of said frame, said reed bearing an armature at its freeend for vibration in proximity to said pole pieces, a pair of stationarycontacts carried by said frame on opposite sides of said reed, a pair ofspring members carried by said reed on opposite sides thereof, a movablecontact mounted on each spring member for co-operatlon with saidstationary contacts and -V an additional spring member carried by thereed external to each of said contact bearing springs, the two springson one side of the reed being` biased toward each other.

2. The structure of claim 1 wherein the free ends of the outer springsextend beyond the contact bearing springs and are bent toward the reed.

3. An interrupter comprising a frame of magnetic material, said framehaving a pair of pole pieces at one end thereof, at least one coil formagnetizing said frame, a reed having a free end adjacent to said polepieces and its other end rigidly mounted at the end of said frame remotefrom such `pole pieces, an armature carried by said reed for vibrationin proximity to said pole pieces, a pair of stationary contacts carriedby said frame on opposite sides of said reed, a pair of spring memberscarried by said reed on opposite sides thereof, a movable contactmounted on each spring member for co-operation with said stationarycontacts and a rigid' member carried by the reed on each side thereofoverlying the exterior of each spring member, each spring member beingoutwardly biased toward the adjacent rigid member.

4. The structure of claim 3 wherein said rigid members extend beyond theends of said spring members and have their free ends bent toward thereed.

5. An interrupter comprising a pair of elongated magnetzable members, apair of insulating blocks disposed between one end of each of saidmembers, a reed having one end disposed between said pair, of insulatingblocks, means for rigidly clamping said assembly together, the free endsof said members having their ends bent toward each other to provide apair of pole pieces, an armature carried by said reed for vibration inproximity to said pole pieces, a magnetizing coil disposed around one ofsaid pole pieces, solid insulating material bridging said pole piecesand rigidly joined thereto and serving to maintain said pole piecesrigid, said insulating material being wedged into said coil and servingto maintain said magnetizing coil in position, a pair of contactscarried by said members, one on each side of said reed, and at least onemovable contact carried by said reed for co-operation with saidstationary contacts.

6. The structure of claim 5 wherein said reed has a spring member oneach side thereof, each spring member carrying a movable contact and anadditional member on said reed on each side thereof and exterior to saidspring member, each spring member being outwardly biased and saidadditional member serving as a stop.

7. An interrupter comprising a magnetic frame having a pair of polepieces, at least one magnetizing coil therefore a reed mounted forvibration and having anarmature at one free end thereof, said reed beingrigidly secured at its other end, a stationary contact carried by saidframe on each side of said reed and at a point remote from the rigid endof said reed, a spring mounted on each side of said reed at a pointadjacent the rigid portion of said reed and extending parallel theretotoward the free end of said reed, a movable contact c arried by eachspring for co-operation with said stationary contacts, and an additionalmember on each side of said reed overlying said contact bearing springmembers.

8. The structure of claim 7 wherein said overlying member is sumcientlyrigid to function as an abutment for the adjacent spring member.

9. The structure of claim 7 wherein said overlying member extends beyondsaid contact bearing spring members and has its free end portion benttowards said reed.

10. An interrupter comprising one pair of elongated magnetizablemembers, each one having an end bent to form a pole piece, means forrigidly supporting said members at the other end, said meanscomprising'a pair of insulating blocks, a reed mounted between saidinsulating block and extending towards said pole pieces and having anarmature at its free end, at least one magnetizing coil, a stationarycontact carried by each member, a spring rigidly mounted on each side ofsaid reed at a point adjacent said insulating blocks, said springsextending toward said stationary contacts, a movable contact carried byeach spring for co-operation with a corresponding stationary contact, amember carried by said reed on each side thereof overlying said springand secured at a point on said reed near said insulating blocks, saidtwo spring members being outwardly biased, and a bridge of insulatingmaterial rigidly joined to said pole pieces and maintaining the same'inxed position.

11. In combination, a transformer having a secondary and a splitprimary, a direct current circuit including an interrupter connected tosaid primary, said interrupter comprising two magnetic circuitsincluding a pair o1 pole pieces, a pair ried by said reed for alternateco-operation with each stationary contact and connections whereby eachcoil is alternately energized by the operation of said contacts.

. 12. A vibrator comprising a frame comprising two magnetic circuitshaving a pair of spaced pole pieces, a pair of magnetizing coils foreach circuit, a reed having an armature adapted to vibrate in proximityto said pole pieces, contacts carried by said reed, a stationary contacton each side of said reed, and connections whereby each coil isalternately energized by the vibration of said reed and operation ofsaid contacts.

13. The structure of claim 12 wherein each magnetic circuit has a pairof magnetizing coils, one coil on each magnetic circuit being in serieswith one pair of co-operating contacts and the other coil on the samemagnetic circuit being in parallel to the same pair of co-operatingcontacts.

HENRY M. DRESSEL.

